How did Karl Marx's view on labor differ from that of John Locke?

Karl Marx's view on labor emphasizes the distinction between living labor and accumulated labor ownership, which is a fundamental aspect of his critique of capitalism. Living labor refers to the active, productive labor performed by workers, while accumulated labor relates to the products of that labor, such as tools and materials, that create capital. Marx argued that in a capitalist system, workers do not benefit from the full value of their labor because the fruits of their work are owned by capitalists, leading to exploitation.

In contrast to Marx's perspective, which focuses on the relational dynamics of labor in terms of ownership and power, Locke’s philosophy revolves around individual property rights and the natural rights associated with labor. Locke believed that individuals have the right to own the fruits of their labor, advocating for private property as a natural extension of labor. This foundational belief highlighted an early form of capitalism, where personal endeavors and property rights were essential.

This distinction between living and accumulated labor ownership as articulated by Marx exemplifies a critical understanding of labor relations and the socioeconomic implications that arise from differing philosophical perspectives on ownership and the nature of work. Thus, this differentiation captures core elements of Marxist theory and its critique of capitalist structures.