What is the main principle behind McGregor's Theory X?

The main principle behind McGregor's Theory X is that it assumes employees require close supervision to perform effectively. This perspective posits that workers are inherently disinclined to work and will avoid responsibility unless they are closely monitored and controlled. Proponents of Theory X believe that strong managerial intervention and clear guidelines are necessary to compel employees to achieve organizational goals. This theory reflects a more pessimistic view of employee motivation and behavior, in contrast to its counterpart, Theory Y, which sees employees as inherently motivated and capable of self-direction.

The concept emphasizes a top-down management style where leaders take a more authoritative role, reinforcing the need for supervision and control to maintain productivity. Understanding this principle helps in recognizing how management styles can significantly impact workplace dynamics and employee engagement.